1. Ganji .. (Abrus precatorius) - leaves, roots and seeds Uses .. For the cure of sore throat, dry cough, ardour urine, rheumatism, prevention of conception, for skin disease, ulcers and eye diseases, and serves as a blood purifier, a purgg tive and a tonic.
2. Shami .. (Acacia arabica) - Tender leaves, bark and gum Uses .. Treatment of gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea, discharge, prolapse of uterus, diarrhoea, dysentery, diabetes, bleeding from bites of leeches and as an expectorant.
3. Shikakai .. (Acacia concinna) - leaves and pods. Uses .. Treatment of jaundice, malarial fever, a mild laxative, biliousness, promotes growth of hair, kills dandruff and skin diseases.
4. Aduso .. (Adhtoda vasica) - leaves, root, bark, flowers and fruits. Uses .. An antispasmodic, treatment of chest diseases, phthisis, chronic bronchitis, asthma, diarrhoea, dysentery, malaria fever, fresh wounds, rheumatic joints, inflammatory swellings, scabies, neuralgic pains, nose bleeding, diphtheria, gonorrhoea, an antiseptic and arthelmentic.
5. Belpatri .. (Aegle marmelos) - leaves, root, bark and fruits. Uses .. A mild laxative in fever and asthma, treatment of constipation, jaundice, diarrhoea, dysentery, dyspepsia, antiscorbutic and a tonic. A sharbet of ripe fruit gives cooling effect.
6. Anasaroli .. (Alangium Salvifolium) - root and bark. Uses .. Treatment of dogbites, a purgative, antidote and emetic.
7. Shiras .. (Albizzia lebbeck) - leaves, bark, flowers and seeds. Uses .. Treatment of night blindness, an astringent, piles, diarrhoea, dysentry, gonorrhoea, cure spongy gum boils, swellings, scrofulous enlargement of glands, and eye diseases.
8. Satan .. (Alstonia scholaris) - leaves and barks. Uses .. Treatment of ulcers, fevers, dyspepsia, debility, skin diseases, liver complaints, chronic diarrhoea and dysentery.
9. Kaju .. (Anacardium occidentale)-bark, apple, shell oil and seed. Uses .. In leprosy, ringworm, corns, obstinate ulcers, scurvy, diarrhoea, uterine complaints, dropsy, neuralgic pains, rheumatisms, elephantiasis, the seed oil is an excellent emollient and used in gastroenteritis.
10. Sitaphal .. (Annona squamosa) - leaves, bark, fruit and seeds Uses .. For the treatment of prolapse of anus of children, boils, ulcers, a fly infested sore, malignant tumours, hysteria, diarrhoea, acute dysentery, melancholia, spinal diseases, a tonic and an abortifacient.
11. Brahma-dandi .. (Argemone mexicana) - roots and seeds. Uses ..Treatment of dropsy, jaundice, skin diseases, gonorrhoea, blisters, rheumatic pains, ulcers, vesicular calculus, boils, abscesses, cough, pulmonary diseases, asthma, whooping cough, diseases of intestine.
12. Sathavari .. (Asparagus recemosus) - roots. Uses .. Treatment of dysentery, diarrhoea, tumours, inflammation, biliousness, blood diseases, kidney, liver, eye and throat complaints, tuberculous, leprosy, epilepsy, night blindness, scalding urine, rheumatism and gonorrhoea.
13. Kadulimbu .. (Azadirachta indica) - leaves, bark, gum, flowers, fruitsand seeds. Uses .. Treatment of jaundice, skin diseases, malarial fever, boils, chronic ulcers, small-pox, syphilitic sores, an effective vaginal douche in after treatment of child-birth, liver complaints, a purgative, a tonic for treatment of general debility, nervous headache, urinary diseases, piles and intestinal worms.
14. Palas .. (Butea monosperma) - leaves, bark, flowers and seeds. Uses .. In diarrhoea,heartburn, sweating of phthistis, diabetes, flatulent colic, piles, ulcers, cough, catarrh and ringworm diseases.
15. Undi .. (Calophyllum inophyllum) - bark, root and leaves. Uses .. Treatment of of sore eyes, ulcers, leprosy, gonorrhoea and skin disease.
16. Bhavo .. (Cassia fistula) - leaves, roots and pods. Uses .. Treatment of paralysis, rheumatism, skin diseases, black water fever, a strange purgative and tonic.
17. Taikulo .. (Cassia tora) - leaves, roots and seeds. Uses .. Treatment of gonorrhoea, fever and headache, childrendiarrhoea and a laxative.
18. Sanvor .. (Bombax ceiba) - leaves, bark, pods, roots and gum. Uses .. Treatment of gonorrhoea, fever and headache, children diarrhoea and a laxative.
19. Brahmi .. (Centella asiatica) - entire plant. Uses .. A tonic, blood purifier, for treatment of nervous diseases, amenorrhoea, piles, elephantiasis, skin diseases, dysentery of children and bowel complaint, rheumatism, mental weakness and poor memory, gonorrhoea, jaundice and fevers.
20. Dalchini .. (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum) - bark, root and leaves. Uses .. Treatment of amenorrhoea, typhoids, rheumatism, headache, toothache, paralysis of tongue, nausea, vomiting, gastric irritations, neuralgic pains, and tedious labour caused by defective uterine contraction.
21. Ganjan .. (Cymbopogon citratus) - leaves and seeds. Uses .. In diaphoretic, a stimulant in catarrh and febrile conditions, dysmenorrhoea, disordered menstruation, vomiting, diarrhoea, dropsical condition caused by malaria, rheumatic pain,sprains, ringworm disease, gastric irritability, cholera and a tonic.
22. Durvo .. (Cynodon dactylon) - entire plant. Uses .. In haematuria, vomiting, chronic diarrhoea, dysentery, hysteria, insanity, bleeding of piles, irritation of piles, irritation of bladder, second syphilis and vesical calculus.
23. Dhaturo .. (Datura innoxia) - leaves, stem, fruits and seeds. Uses .. Treatment of asthma, whooping cough, bronchitis, gonorrhoea, tumours, rheumatism, difficult menstruation, inflamed breasts, skin diseases, burns, boils, dandruff and falling of hair and decaying teeth trouble.
24. Pangaro .. (Erythrina indica) - leaves and bark. Uses .. Treatment of round worms, tape worms, thread worms, chronic dysentery, dressing of ulcers, toothache, rheumatic pains, venereal buboes, and eye diseases.
25. Anvalo .. (Emblica officinalis) - fruits and seeds. Uses .. In fevers, hiccup, vomiting, indigestion, constipation, diarrhoea, dysentery, biliousness, haemorrhage, gonorrhoea, ophthalmia, fevers, diabetes, nausea, scabies and itch. A source of Vitamin C.
26. Vad .. (Ficus bengalensis) - leaf buds, bark, latex and aerial roots. Uses .. In diarrhoea, dysentery, piles, abscesses, diabetes, toothache and vomiting.
27. Rumbad .. (Ficus glomenata) - leaves, bark, latex, figs. Uses .. Treatment of bilious disorders, dysentery, menorrhagia, haemoptysis, spongy gums, small pox, haeamaturia, diabetes, ulcers, diarrhoea, rheumatic and chest pains.
28. Pipal .. (Ficus religiasa) - barks and figs. Uses .. Decoction is used in gonorrhoea and scabies, treatment for toothache, for cracked and inflamed soles of feet, sores, a laxative and used to cure asthma.
29. Bhirand .. (Garchinia indica) - fruit and seeds. Uses .. Treatment of uticarias, dysentery, mucous diarrhoea, phthisis pulmonalis and scorbutic diseases, chapped hands abrations, ulcerations and fissures on the body.
30. Shivan .. (Gmelina arborea) - leaves and roots. Uses .. Treated for gonorrhoea, catarrh of bladder, cough, cleaning the ulcers, insanity, epilepsy, fevers, indigestion, anasarca and a nerve tonic.
31. Sarsaparilla .. (Hemid Esmus indicus) - roots. Uses .. Treated for dyspepsia, fever, skin diseases, sy philis, leucorrhoea, genito-urinary diseases, chronic cough, rheumatic pains and boils.
32. Kudo .. (Holarrhena antidysenterica) - bark and seeds. Uses .. In amoebic dysentery, piles, leprosy, colic, dyspepsia, chronic chest complaints, diuresis, spleen diseases, jaundice, bilious,bladder calculi and given to women after childbirth.
33. Kadu Kavath .. (Hydrocarpus kurzil) - seeds. Uses .. Skin diseases and wounds.
34. Moi .. (Lannea coromandelica) – Tender branches and gum. Uses .. In coma caused by overdose of narcotics, dyspepsia, general debility, gout and dysentery, sore eyes, leprosy, sprains and bruises.
35. -- .. Mallotus philippinensis) Leaves. Uses .. In debility, tapeworms, ringworms, scabies, herpes and other skin diseases.
36. Ambo .. (Mangifera indica) - bark, gum, fruit and seeds. Uses .. Treated for menorrhagea, leucorrhoea, mucopurulent discharges from uterus and bowels, dysentery, bleeding piles haemorrhage from the lungs, intes tines or uterus and diarrhoea, diptheria, prolapse of vagina and rectum nasal, catarrh and skin diseases.
37. Nag-chapa .. (Mesua Ferrea) - bark, flowers, fruits and seeds. Uses .. Dysentery, vomiting, cough, irritability of the stomach, excessive perspiration and bleeding piles, burning feet, genito-urinary diseases wounds and skin diseases.
38. Vonvol .. (Mimusops elengi) - bark, root, flowers and fruit. Uses .. Fevers, teeth trouble, pustular eruptions of skin, bathing wounds, ulcers, headaches and tonic.
39. Lajje zad .. (Mimosa pudica) - leaves and toots. Uses .. Treatment of kidney, piles, fistular sores, urinary diseases and abcesses.
40. Karbel .. (Murraya Koengii) - leaves, bark and roots. Uses .. In dysentery, diarrhoea, vomiting, paste is applied over bruises and bites of venomous animals.
41. Kali-miri .. (Piper nigrum) - berries. Uses .. Uses for dyspepsia, flatulence, debility, prolapse of anus, diarrhoea piles, urinary disorders, cough, vertigo, coma, gonorrhoea, malarial fever, boils, relaxed sore throat, paralytic affectation, rheumatic pains, headache, prolapsed rectum, skin diseases, toothache, alopaecia, and urticaria.
42. Galai .. (Randia dumetorum) - bark and fruits. Uses .. In diarrhoea, dysentery, rheumatism, nausea, and as an expectorant.
43. Adiki .. (Rauwolfia serpentina) - roots. Uses .. Treated for insomnia, hypochondria, insanity, irritable condition of the central nervous system, high blood pressure, intestinal disorders, diarrhoea and dysentery.
44. Sanvar .. (Salmalia malbarica) - bark, gum, root, flower and fruit. Uses .. Treated for abnormal uterine bleeding, haemoptysis of pulmonary tuberculosis, influenza, vomiting of blood menorrhagia, infantile diarrhoea, sore eyes, ulceration of the bladder and the kidneys, gonorrhoea, gleet and chronic cystitis.
45. Ashok .. (Saraka indica) - bark and flowers. Uses .. In uterine disorders especially for menorrhagia and leuchorrhoea, internal piles, dysentery and diabetes.
46. Biba .. (Semicarpus anacardium) - fruit. Uses .. In dyspepsia, piles, skin diseases, nervous debility, worms, palsy and epilepsy, syphilis, asthma and neuralgia.
47. Kazro .. (Strychnos nux-vomica) - wood and seeds. Uses .. Intermittent fevers, cholera, acute dysentery, debility, worms, hysteria, hydrophobia, tobacco amaurosis, mental emotions, gout, insomnia, spasmodic diseases as vomiting of pregnancy, opium poisoning, sexual impotence and for bronchitis.
48. Jambal .. (Syzigium-cumuni) - leaves, bark, fruits and seeds. Uses .. Dysentery, chronic diarrhoea, menorrhagia, enlargement of spleen, spongy gums, stomatitis, suppressed urine and diabetes.
49. Chinch .. (Tamarindus indica) - leaves, bark fruit and seeds. Uses .. In jaundice, sprains, boils, sore eyes, scabies, alcohol intoxication, dhatoora poisoning, bilious vomiting and in sunstroke.
50. Sailo .. (Tectona grandis) - bark, wood, flower and seeds. Uses .. Dyspepsia, heartburn, headache, toothache, diuresis, a hair tonic and for skin itch.
51. Ghoting .. (Terminalia balerica) - fruits. Uses .. In piles, diarrhoea, fever and dropsy cough, hoarseness of voice, sore throat, dyspepsia and a purgative.
52. Hirda .. (Terminalia chebula) - fruits Uses .. A mild laxative treated for dysentery costiveness, flatulence, asthma, uriginary disorders, vomiting, hiccup, intestinal worms, ascites, larged spleen and liver, vaginal discharges, ulceration of gums, a dressing for burns and scalds and piles. A cardiac tonic.
53. Marotha .. (Terminalia tormentosa) - bark, Uses .. Treatment of ulcers, haemmorrages, fractures, bronchitis, leucorrhoea, gonorrhoea, diarrhoea, dysentery, ecchymosis, and spitting of blood.
54. Amrut val .. (Tinospora cordifolia) - entire plant. Uses .. Rheumatism, urinary diseases, dyspepsia, general debility, syphilis, biliousness, fever, piles, bronchitis spermatorrhoea,impotence, jaundice, turpidity of liver, and for fractures
55. Nirgud .. (Vitex negundo) - leaves, roots and flowers. Uses .. In catarrhal fever, rheumatism, enlargement of spleen, headaches, sprains, inflammatory swellings of joints, sinuses, srofulous ulcers sloughing wounds, cholera and haemorrhages.
56. Bor .. (Zizyphus jujuba) - leaves, bark and fruits. Uses .. In gonorrhoea, absecesses, boils, dysuria, colic and inflammation of gums, a mild laxative and an expectorant.
| Sardol .. Sterculia villosa | Kewan .. Helicteres isora |
| Dhaman .. Grewia tilaefolia | Rui .. Calotropis gigantea |
| Billamad .. Caryota urens | Samvar .. Salmalia malabaricum |
| Gol .. Trema orientalis |
| Cassia fistula | Terminalia arjuna | Emblica officianalis |
| Syzgium cummunii | Lannea coromandelica | Legistroemia parviflora |
| Terminalia tomentosa | Sylia Xylocapra | Careya arborea |
| Name of Grove | Taluka | Location |
| Rashtroli | Pernem | Gavadewada (Mandrem) |
| Kurlyachi wadi | Pernem | Varkhand |
| Shevro | Bicholim | Kharpal |
| Sidhdachirai | Bicholim | Vadawal |
| Ajobachirai | Sattari | Keri |
| Maulichirai | Sattari | Vagheri (Keri) |
| Pishyachirai | Sattari | Keri |
| Sidhdachirai | Sattari | Morle |
| Devachirai | Sattari | Saleli (Onda) |
| Devachirai | Sattari | Nagve |
| Holayechirai | Sattari | Caranzol |
| Ajobachitali | Sattari | Brahmakarmali |
| Devachirai | Sattari | Koparde |
| Dhupachirai | Sattari | Derode |
| Devachirai | Sattari | Satre |
| Poshyachirai | Sattari | Bondir |
| Devachirai | Sattari | Shelop – Khurd |
| Devachirai | Sattari | Surla |
| Nirankarachirai | Sattari | Bambar–Nanode |
| Devachirai | Sattari | Thane |
| Devachirai | Sattari | Pali |
| Devachirai | Sattari | Shel – Melavali |
| Devachirai | Sattari | Shiranguli |
| Devachirai | Sattari | Assodde |
| Devachirai | Sattari | Malpona |
| Devachirai | Sattari | Shirsode |
| Devalachemol | Sattari | Dabe |
| Devachirai | Sattari | Bhironde |
| Devachirai | Sattari | Golauli |
| Devachirai | Sattari | Mauxi |
| Devachirai | Sattari | Ivre – Budruk |
| Devachirai | Sattari | Ivre – Khurd |
| Devachirai | Sattari | Pendral |
| Avali Dano | Canacona | Cotigao |
| Kuske Dano | Canacona | Cotigao |
| Badde Dano | Canacona | Cotigao |
| Paikapann | Sanguem | Neturlim |
| Paikapann | Sanguem | Salgini |
| Paikapann | Sanguem | Kumbhari |
| Paikapann | Sanguem | Bhati |
| Devadongor | Sanguem | Rivon |
| Vasantagal | Sanguem | Rivon |
| Patryatali Devrai | Sanguem | Rivon |
| Vaghryapann | Sanguem | Rivon |
| Paikapann | Quepem | Morpilla |
| Paikapann | Quepem | Cazur |
| Betalapann | Quepem | Barce |
| Vaghryapann | Quepem | Barce |
| Gadgyapann | Quepem | Barce |
| Siddhmaddi | Quepem | Barce |
| Shivapann | Quepem | Barce |
| Devipann | Quepem | Barce |
| Mahadevapann | Quepem | Barce |
| Durgadevipann | Quepem | Gokulde |
| Devatipann | Quepem | Bennudde |
Rajendra Kerkar
Mango : Amone (Bicholim), Ameshi (Pale), Amurli (Saton-Pale), Ambegal (Pale), Ambirne (Succor), Amarkhane (Savoiverem, Keri) Ambegal (Panchwadi), Amthane (Sal), Amthane (Pirna), Ambevhal (Succor), Ambaral (Taleigao), Ambegal (Ponda), Ambekhane (Vere), Ambeli ( Sattari), Ambede (Sattari).
Jackfruit : Pansuli (Sattari), Ponshe (Sattari), Ponshe (Khandepar), Phanaswadi (Naveli - Bicholim)
Kokam : Bhironda (Sattari), Bhirone (Pernem).
Bimbal : Bimbal (Sattari)
Pendral : Pendral (Sattari)
Nano : Nanoda (Sattari), Nanoda (Bicholim), Naneli (Sattari)
Mhavling : Mhavalinge (Bicholim)
Karmal : Brahma-Karmali (Sattari), Karmali - Khurd (Sattari),
Karmali (Tiswadi)
Banana : Kelawade (Sattari), Kel (Pirna - Bardez).
Sugarcane : Usgaon ( Bicholim).
Banyan : Wadawal (Bicholim), Oshel or Oxel (Siolim).
Tamarind : Chinchole (Panaji), Chinchmala (Parye-Sattari).
Tulshi : Tulshimala (Sattari), Tulaskond (Sattari).
Ravan : Ravan (Sattari).
Tiger : Vagus (Usgao), Vagal (Keri-Ponda), Vagali (Kamurli), Vaghdongari (Shiroda), Vagapeth (Satore, Shiroda), Vagus (Pale), Vaghurme (Savoi-verem), Vaghkolomb (Harmal), Vaghator (Caisua), Vaghapeth (Bori).
Monkey : Makadsheno (Vazari), Makadsai (Borim).
Swan : Hansapur.
Nag : Nagzar (Perne), Nagoa (Bardez), Nagali (Caranzalem), Nagve (Valpoi), Nageshi (Ponda).
The workshop had been requested by the coordinator of the West Coast Ecoregion, Dr. Madhyastha, and was organised by the Goa state coordinator, Goa Foundation.
The meeting was held at Panjim, and was attended by about 40-50 people. The participation was wide-ranging, including NGOs, academics, scientists, government officials, fisherfolk, activists, lawyers, and students. Institutes like National Institute of Oceanography, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, and Goa University were represented, and amongst government agencies, there were the Dept. of Science Technology and Environment, and Dept. of Fisheries. The Commander of the Goa Area Coast Guard was also there. Unfortunately no fisherfolk from Goa itself were present, though there were a couple from an interesting nomadic fishing community from Karnataka. Environmentalist and bird artist Carl D'Silva was also there.
A complete list of participants is attached.
The presence of Dr. Wafar, Manju Raju, and Dr. Madhyastha, ensured that there was good exchange and coordination between Goa state and the West Coast ecoregion, and between these two and the Livelihoods TWG.
The meeting started with an introduction by Claude Alvares of Goa Foundation, a brief presentation on the overall national status of NBSAP by Ashish Kothari, and an overview of marine biodiversity and livelihoods issues by Manju Raju. Dr. Madhyastha spoke about the West Coast ecoregion, and listed a set of questions that he wanted participants to answer, relating to various issues of West Coast biodiversity.
Thereafter the meeting focused on Goa. Manoj Borkar, on behalf of the organisers, pointed to the major issues emerging from the state BSAP process so far. These included ideas on marine biodiversity festivals, village-wise registers of coastal biodiversity, ecotourism managed by local people, documentation of the widespread (and rapidly eroding) traditional knowledge and practices relating to sustainable fisheries, cultural features related to this, and so on. Manoj had also requested two members of a small nomadic fishing community, based in Karnataka but travelling to Goa and Maharashtra in certain seasons, to participate. The audience interacted with them briefly, though language was a barrier.
Thereafter, people from the various institutions, NGOs, and activist groups spoke. Amongst the major issues coming up:
Studies and action on the impact of mining inland, which is very serious on coastal and marine biodiversity (e.g. a loss of 40% of the benthic fauna due to mining wastes, in on estuary); A complete ban on commercial trawling, since "regulated" trawling was not really working, as the trawler operators were too powerful;
Pro-active policies and incentives, especially economic ones, to stop the trend of fisherfolk moving away from traditional practices into destructive ones;
Need for a dedicated agency to handle coastal biodiversity issues, as neither the Forest Department nor any other agency was currently equipped for this;
Need to halt the rapid destruction of khazan lands (saline paddy fields and surrounds), a traditional land use that was extremely biodiversity-rich, and was being displaced by other land uses through political and market forces;
Need to highlight the problems caused by commercial/intensive aquaculture, and to distinguish between this and traditional, non-intensive aquaculture which was not ecologically destructive.
Commandant VSR Murthy of the Coast Guard, Goa Area, spoke quite frankly about the difficulties that the Coast Guard faced in dealing with coastal/marine environment issues. He mentioned that as a whole the CG has only 100 ships and 5000 people to patrol the whole marine area of India (which is equal to about 60% of India's terrestrial area!). He outlined the problems that the CG faces, especially political interference, in dealing with foreign vessels that come to poach, and the lack of coordination with other govt. departments. He also highlighted that they were not empowered under the Wild Life Act, and that legislation on marine pollution was very weak. He ended saying he would be willing to collaborate and cooperate in any processes linked to NBSAP or biodiversity in general.
The final session was dedicated to key action points that could be put into the West Coast BSAP and the Goa BSAP. Some of these were:
A Fisheries Management Plan, drawn up with fisherfolk involvement, should be prepared for Goa and the entire West Coast. The CMFRI and other available fisheries stock figures need to be updated, along with estimation of maximum sustainable yield.
A plan needs to be drawn up for the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of India. Marine regulation laws of various states need to be harmonised, especially with respect to closed seasons, mesh sizes, etc.
Several dozen islands exist off the West Coast of India, which are neglected; a policy and programme is needed to protect the biodiversity rich ones. Identified stretches of inter-tidal areas, sand dunes, beaches, and estuaries, that are rich in biodiversity, need to be protected.
Goa's 57 notified fishing villages, where special traditional communities are living, need to be empowered for sustainable fisheries and biodiversity conservation (extended to other states, if there is a similar practice of notifying villages with special fishing communities). The entire beachfront of Goa, and of the country, should be retained as common access, with no privatisation and fencing off.
Critical turtle nesting sites, crocodile and dolphin habitats, and other such important areas for marine wildlife should be identified and protection measures taken, with due regard to the livelihood concerns and rights of local traditional fisherfolk.
The traditional salt pans of Goa, which have been sustained for centuries, should be protected against destructive land use changes, and in supported to counter the impacts of the new policies regarding iodisation of salt.
International commitments that affect the coasts and seas (e.g. Law of the Seas, WTO, and CBD), should be assessed for a response that is Goa-sensitive.
Studies should be conducted about the relationship of inland ecosystems and coastal/marine ecosystems, and the impact of activities far inland (e.g. deforestation, mining), on the coast or marine areas. The state needs therefore to be seen in an integrated manner, rather than one ecosystem separately from the other.
List of participants